11 Cell cycle and
division
Ø (1) Cell division
(細胞分裂)
n
is a process
in which a cell ((2) parent cell)
n involves
the passing on of (4) genetic information from parent cells to
daughter cells.
n
Genetic information is important in determining the structure and functions of
the
cells and is carried in (5) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
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Terms
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Explanation
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Chromosomes
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(13)
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c
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a
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Exist as long and thin fibres
that cannot be observed under microscope
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Chromatins
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(14)
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a
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b
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The point at which two
chromatids attach together
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Chromatids
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(15)
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d
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c
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Formed by the coiling of DNA
and proteins together inside nucleus
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Centromere
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(16)
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b
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d
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One of the duplicated strains after
replication of chromosome
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Ø Chromosomes exist
in pairs called (17)homologous chromosomes (同源染色體)in body cells.
n One
member in a homologous pair comes from the male
parent and is called the
(18) paternal chromosome (父系染色體).
n The
other one comes from the female parent and
is called the
(19) maternal chromosome (母系染色體).
Ø
Each body
cell has (20)two sets of
chromosomes and is described as (21)diploid
(二倍體) (2n).
Ø
A gamete(配子) has (22) one
set of chromosomes and is described as (23)haploid (單倍體) (n).
Ø
The (24) number of chromosomesis
always the same among individuals of
the same species but it varies from one species to another.
Ø
Human being has a total
of (25) 46 or (26) 23 pairs of chromosomes, i.e. 2n = 46.
n The 1st to 22th pairs are autosomes (常染色體)
n The 23rd pairs are (27)
sex
chromosomes (性染色體):
² X
chromosome
² Y
chromosome
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Cell type
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Body cells
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(28)Gametes
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Diploid cells (二倍體細胞)
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(29) Haploid
cells (單倍體細胞)
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Chromosome no.
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2 sets (2n)
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1 set only (n)
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From
what type of cell division is produced
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(30)mitotic cell division
(有絲細胞分裂)
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(31)meiotic cell division
(減數細胞分裂)
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