F4 Biology teaching notes Ch 8: 2nd Term NE 8

8.4  The heart (Book 1B, p. 8-15)

Ø   located between the two lungs

Ø   protected by the rib cage.

Ø   surrounded by a membrane called the (1) pericardium (圍心膜)

Ø   pump blood throughout the body continuously

A

What is the structure of the heart? (Book 1B, p. 8-15)

CE-2003-I-Q4b

Ø  is mainly made up of (2) cardiac muscles (心肌).

Ø  The (3) coronary arteries (冠狀動脈) supply oxygen and nutrients to the cardiac muscles.

       The (4) coronary veins (冠狀靜脈) carry carbon dioxide and other waste away.

(5) Semilunar valves         (7) Aorta
(6) Tricuspid valves          (8) Bicuspid valves
                                            (9) Septum

Structure	Feature and function
Atria 心 房	n Smaller, upper chambers of the heart n (10) Thinner / Thicker muscular wall than the ventricles
	Right atrium	n  receives (11) oxygenated / deoxygenated blood from the (12) venae cavae n  pushes the blood to the right ventricle
	Left atrium	n receives (13) oxygenated blood from the (14) pulmonary veins n pushes the blood to the left ventricle
(15) Ventricles 心 室	n  Larger, lower chambers of the heart n  (16) Thicker muscular wall than the atria
	Right ventricle	n pumps (17) deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the    (18) pulmonary artery
	Left ventricle	n has a thicker wall so that it can provide greater force to pump blood to all parts of the body (except the lungs) n pumps (19) oxygenated blood to the rest of the body via the (20) aorta
(21) Septum	n Separates the two sides of the heart n prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Heart valves 心瓣膜	bicuspid and (22) tricuspid valves		n prevent the backflow of blood into the    (23) atria
	Semilunar valves半月瓣		n prevent the backflow of blood into the (24) ventricles