2016年3月16日 星期三

F4 Biology teaching notes Ch 8: 2nd Term NE 6

8.3  Blood vessels (Book 1B, p. 8-8)

Blood vessels
Function
Artery (and arteriole)
Carry blood from the (1) heart to the tissues
(2) Vein (and venule)
Return blood from the tissues to the heart
Capillary
n  connect with the artery and the vein
n  site of (3) material exchange between the blood and the tissue cells

Ø   Differences between arteries and veins:              CE-2006-I-A-Q1, CE-2005-I-B-Q8a, CE-2004-I-Q3


Artery
Vein
Direction of blood flow
Away from the heart
Towards the heart
Nature of blood carried
(4) oxygenated / deoxygenated blood
(except in the pulmonary artery and the umbilical arteries臍動脈)
(5) deoxygenated blood
(except in the pulmonary veins and the umbilical vein臍靜脈)
Wall
n Thicker
n with more muscular tissue which can contract and relax:
è change the size of lumen
è regulate the blood flow
n with more elastic tissue
è the elastic (7) tissues help maintain the blood flow
Thinner, with less (6) elastic tissues and muscular tissues
Lumen
Smaller
Larger (resistance to blood flow is reduced)
Driving force for blood flow
Provided by the pumping action of
the (8) heart
Provided by the contraction of the
(9) skeletal muscles that squeeze on the veins
Blood pressure
High, due to the pumping action of the heart
Low (the pressure drops after blood passing
through the (10) capillaries)
Presence of valves
Not present (except in the pulmonary
artery and the (11) aorta
which have valves at their base)
Valves are present to prevent the
(12) backflow of blood
Location
Usually deep inside the body, to avoid being damaged.
Relatively close to the body surface

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