Ø
Metabolism of carbohydrates
n Regulation of the
blood (17) glucose level by converting:
l excess glucose to
(18) glycogen, which is stored in the liver è ¯ blood glucose level
l the stored
glycogen to glucose, which is released into the (19) blood
è blood glucose level
Ø
Metabolism of lipids
n
conversion
of excess carbohydrates to (20) lipids for energy storage
n
release
energy by breaking down the stored lipids according to body needs
Ø
Metabolism
of proteins èFig15:
Transamination
n
(21) Deamination (脫氨作用):
breakdown of excess amino acids:
l amino groups are converted into
(22) urea (尿素) for excretion through kidney
l remaining carbon
skeletons are broken down to release energy in respiratory pathway
n (23) Transamination (轉氨): synthesis of different (24) non-essential amino acid
Ø
Production
n
bile
(contains metabolic wastes of
haemoblobin)
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter21/animation__hemoglobin_breakdown.html (動畫: 血紅蛋白的分解)
n vitamin A
from (25) carotene
(胡蘿蔔素)
n (26) Heat which is distributed throughout body through bloodstream
Ø
Storage
n glycogen and lipids
n iron (where is it from?)
n
(27) Lipid-soluble vitamins (e.g. vitamins A and D)
Ø
(28)
Detoxification (解毒)
6.6 Egestion (Book
1A , p. 6-30)
Ø
(1)
Faeces is formed in
the large intestine from:
n the
undigested and unabsorbed materials like (2)
dietary fibres
n secretions
(分泌物) from
the alimentary canal
n bacteria
n dead
cells from the intestinal wall
n a
small amount of water
n (3) bile pigment which gives the
faeces a brown colour
Ø Faeces are temporarily
stored in the (3) rectum (直腸), and are pushed
out through the anus
Ø Egestion or (5) defecation (排糞) is the process
of expelling faeces from the body:
n the (4) anal sphincter (肛門括約肌) relaxes
n
the muscles of the rectum contract
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