4 Minerals (礦物質)
l are (75) inorganic (organic /
inorganic) food substances
l
are needed in (76) small (small / large) amounts
l
have no (77) energy value
l are important in:
n
(78) regulating many metabolic reactions
n
building body
tissues (e.g. bones and teeth)
|
Minerals
|
Functions
|
Deficiency diseases
|
Food source
|
|
Calcium (鈣)
|
n For the formation
of bones and (79) teeth
n Important in:
² blood clotting (凝血)
² (66) muscle contraction
² sending messages in the nervous system (神經系統)
|
(80) Rickets (軟骨病) in children
èFig 17: Rickets
|
Canned sardines, milk and dairy products,
some green vegetables and tofu豆腐
|
|
Iron (鐵)
|
n For the formation of
(81) haemoglobin in red blood
cells
èFig 18: Structure of haemoglobin
|
(82)Anaemia (貧血)
|
Beef, liver,
beans and spinach
|
5 Vitamins (維生素)
l
are (83)
organic (organic / inorganic) food substances
l
are needed in (84) small amounts
l
have no (85) energy value
l
help regulate many (86) metabolic reactions
|
Vitamins
|
Functions
|
Deficiency
diseases
|
Food
source
|
|
Vitamin A (lipid-soluble) (脂溶性)
|
n Helps form a (87) pigment in the retina (視網膜) which is responsible for
night vision
n Keeps the (88)skin, the cornea (角膜) and the lining (內壁) of the alimentary
canal and breathing system healthy
|
n (89) night
blindness (夜盲症)
n Drying up of the cornea and skin
n
Easy (90) infection of the lining of the lungs and trachea
|
Fish liver oils, liver,
dairy products, eggs, vegetables and fruits containing (91) carotene (胡蘿蔔素)
|
|
Vitamin C (water-soluble)
|
n Helps the growth
and repair of (92)
connective tissues (結締組織)
n Promotes (促進)
the absorption of (93) iron
n Helps the immune system (免疫系統) work properly
|
(94) Scurvy (壞血病)
|
Fresh vegetables and fruits
|
|
Vitamin D (lipid-soluble)
|
n
Promotes the
absorption of
(95) calcium and phosphate ions
|
Rickets in children
|
Fatty fish, fish liver oil, liver and egg yolks
|
6 Dietary fibre
(食用纖維)
l
are (96)undigestible food substances
l
consists of mainly (97) cellulose from plant cell walls
l
does not provide
(98) energy
l
An adequate intake of dietary fibre is important to
health because it:
n
adds bulk to food to stimulate
(99) peristalsis (蠕動)
n
holds a lot of
water to allow (100) faeces to remain soft
l
A deficiency of dietary fibre may lead to (101) constipation (便秘) and even (102) colorectal cancer (結腸直腸癌)
6 Water
l
As a (103) solvent to dissolve chemical
substances in body
l
As a (85) medium for chemical reactions
l As a transport medium
l
As a (86) cooling agent to help regulate body temperature
l
As a (86) reactant in some metabolic reactions
沒有留言:
張貼留言