2014年11月30日 星期日

中六生物練習E1第1章

書後練習 1 (P. 24-27)
M.C                                                                                                                                                 (7)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A
D
C
C
D
B
C

Q.10
(a)    每天產生的尿液平均體積 = 180L – (118 + 30 + 20 + 11)L = 1L                                       1
(b)    迎曲小管                                                                                                                                1
(c)    (i)     因為葡萄糖會於近曲小管透過擴散和主動轉運                                                        1
                全部被重吸收回血液                                                                                                    1
        (ii)    重吸收的葡萄糖會降低微血管內血液的水勢,                                                        1
                水會以滲透從較過水勢的腎小管移動至微血管內                                                    1
(d)   第二天進行的劇烈運動會使身體透過排汗而流失大量水分,                                       
        血液的水勢因而下降。                                                                                                        1
        下丘腦的感受器探測到血液水勢的下降而刺激腦下垂體                                                1
        分泌更多抗利尿激素至血液。                                                                                            1
        抗利尿素會增加集尿管壁的透性,                                                                                    1
        從而導致較大比例的水分被重吸收。                                                                                1
        因此產生較少量而濃度較高的尿液。
(10)

Q.11


Q.12
(a)    血漿蛋白分子體積過於巨大,                                                                                            1
        不能穿過微血管與胞曼氏囊壁而進入腎元內,                                                                1
腎元內液體的蛋白質的濃度因而遠較血漿內的低
(b)    重吸收                                                                                                                                    1
(c)    (i)     葡萄糖 / 氨基酸                                                                                                           1
        (ii)    物質X沿腎元會不斷透過擴散和主動轉運                                                               1
                被重吸收回血液。                                                                                                        1
                因此其濃度會不斷下降至最後的0水平                                                                    1
(d)   大豆含豐富的蛋白質,                                                                                                        1
        攝取後會被消化成氨基酸,                                                                                                1
        被小腸吸收至血流。
        過多氨基酸不能儲存,反而會於肝臟被脫氨。                                                                1
        氨基會被轉化成尿素,                                                                                                        1
        血液的尿素濃度愈高,所產生尿液的尿素含量也愈高。


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